Where the money goes on a kitchen extension, honestly
It is worth setting out what actually drives cost on a project like this, because the figures owners see quoted rarely separate the parts. The shell — foundations, structure, external walls, roof, glazing and making good — is the largest element and is fixed by the size and complexity of what you build; a simple rectangular extension with one structural opening costs substantially less per square metre than a wraparound with two open elevations and a complex roof. Groundworks are the biggest variable and the commonest source of overspend: deep foundations near a sewer, a build-over agreement, unexpected made ground or a drainage diversion can add materially, which is why the survey work at the start earns its cost. Services are the quiet element: a new consumer unit, circuits for an induction hob and ovens, the extract route, drainage falls and any heating changes. The kitchen itself is the part with the widest range and the greatest flexibility, and it is also the only part you can genuinely upgrade later without touching anything else. Setting the budget in that order — shell and groundworks first, services second, kitchen third — is what stops a project running out of money at the point where the decisions become irreversible.