Non-return valves and the way water actually gets in
Ask people how a house floods and they describe a river rising and water coming over the threshold. That happens, but on urban ground the more frequent route is the drainage system, and it is the one most often left unaddressed because it is invisible. London’s older drainage is largely combined, carrying foul flow and surface water in the same pipes. During intense rainfall the system can surcharge — fill and pressurise — and when it does, the water has to go somewhere. It goes to the lowest open connections it can find, which are the fittings in the lowest parts of the buildings connected to it: a ground-floor WC, a shower tray, a floor gully in a kitchen or utility, a basement fitting where one exists. The result is foul water entering the house from inside, sometimes when the ground outside is completely dry. A non-return valve — an anti-flood device fitted into the drainage run — allows flow out and closes against flow back in. Types vary from simple flap valves to double-flap and powered versions with alarms, and the right one depends on the drain configuration, the falls and whether the property has a basement. Three practical points. First, it must be installed where it protects the fittings at risk, which usually means on the branch or the private drain rather than at the boundary, and it needs an access chamber so it can be inspected. Second, it is a maintained item: a valve fouled by debris or a seat that has perished does not seal, so it needs periodic checking in the same way a gutter does. Third, where the drainage is being altered for a kitchen extension anyway — a new gully, a relocated soil connection, a new run under the extension — fitting one is a marginal cost on work already happening. That timing argument is the whole point: the same measure retrofitted later means excavating a finished floor or garden.